Units of Measure

Units of Measure I would like to direct you to this blog entry before we begin: Samuel Maurers Day Off Good story, right? 5 months after this entry was written I moved into the same dorm, the same floor in fact, as Sam Conner 2, English House. Units of measure were alive and well within the culture of Conner 2 during my stay there. To the best of my knowledge there were only two rules regarding the units of measure. Celebrities get to define their own units of measure. Everybody else has to have their unit assigned to them by another member of Conner 2. I cant remember all of the units of my floormates but I remember a few. A Tang measured orthogonality to conversation. A Graybill is a unit of harem. The Itani is a unit of negative tact.  A Snively is equal to 1 byte wasted on the internet. Friends with units is great, but what I really enjoyed, and still enjoy, is collecting celebrity units. You see, the Colbert story (go read the blog entry I linked to above, seriously, its short and important) prompted a desire to get other celebrities to answer the question If your last name were a unit of measure, what would it measure? Over my four years at MIT, and in the years since I graduated, Ive continued to collect celebrity units. Im not always the one asking the question, of course I dont rub shoulders with famous people all that frequently. Friends who find themselves in fortuitous situations will often ask the question and add their catch to the list. Weve acquired quite a few big names and cool units over the years and I figured it was time to share. I believe this is the most complete list of the celebrity units weve collected. Ive posted it below. Enjoy! RL Stine = Screams” Evan Mathis = Power Nicholas Negroponte = Measure of perspective, not IQ Stephen Colbert = Ball John Stewart = Knish Steve Ballmer = Energy!! (made all the more terrifying due to the double factorial) Eran Ergozy = How fun it is to work at a company Steven Sinofksy = Blogging words per minute Barack Obama = I tried my best Kari Byron = “Cheesiness on the pun scale” Tory Belleci = “Pain” Grant Imahara = “Robots potential destructiveness” Paul Provenza = “madness” Matt Kirshen = “redundancy” Scott Adams = “1 degree of potential awesomeness” Francis Lawrence = the amount of sweat on somebodys palm Penn Jillette = “Nanohumor” Emery Emery = “level of abrasiveness in comedic material” Randall Munroe = river output Joi Ito = useful connections made in a day Post Tagged #Unit of Measure

Three Math Lessons For Valentines Day

Three Math Lessons For Valentines Day Heather shares three Math activities to try with your students this Valentine's Day. These lessons support students to practice essential math concepts like symmetry and probability. She also includes resources for teaching these concepts before you try the activities. by Heather Aulisio February, the month of love! You can help your students develop a love for math (if they haven’t already) this  Valentine’s Day. All you need are a few supplies, some basic materials, and a little creativity.   Here are a few unique math activities that will support your students to practice essential math skills like symmetry and probability.   Symmetry Hearts This  activity is designed for students in grades K-4, and focuses on the concept, symmetry.   Before you try this activity with students, introduce them to the concept, and give them the opportunity to practice drawing and  finding lines of symmetry on shapes, letters, and real world objects around your room. Here are some resources to introduce and practice symmetry with your students: Lines of Symmetry, Symmetry: Complete the Drawing, and Does It Have Symmetry? Once you think your students  understand the concept, introduce the activity.   Explain how you can make a heart perfectly symmetric by folding it and cutting it, rather than drawing it. Demonstrate a horizontal or vertical fold. Show students how to draw one half of the heart. Cut out the half by following the pattern you made. Once the heart is open, spark up a discussion about symmetry again. Next, place paint around a table that features Valentine colors like red, pink, purple, and white. Show students how if they quickly make blots and lines on one side of the heart, it can transfer perfectly to the other side once they press it together. Be sure to remind your students to use enough paint and to work fast before it dries. They can even experiment with pressing the paint down compared to rubbing it once the side of the heart is folded up. When your students open their hearts, they’ll be looking at a colorful, cheerful, and festive mirror images. Be sure to display it for the school to see on a bulletin board titled, “We love Math (and Symmetry)!” Candy Heart Probability Your students in grades 3-5 will love this tasty partner activity.   Fill enough sandwich sized Ziploc  baggies with a handful of conversation hearts (make sure some have duplicate sayings) so that every student receives one premade bag. Before you try this activity with students, teach the concept, probability. Support your students  to collect some data and make some predictions. Here are some resources to introduce and practice probability with your students: Understanding Probability, Probability Worksheet, and Probability: Patterns In Data.   After they study the sayings on their hearts, they can make reasonable guesses as to which hearts will be pulled from the bag the most and the least amount of times. Have them team up with another student and pull out a heart 20 times from each other’s bag. Using a pre-made recording sheet; tally up the results. Here is a tally chart  you can print and give to your students.   At the end of the activity, compare results to initial predictions and engage the class in a conversation about their findings. Students will most likely share that the hearts that had repeat sayings were pulled the most. After your discussion comes to a close, allows your kids to enjoy the sweet treats. Homemade Valentines A great way to promote direction following and review shapes, lines, and angles; your students will love designing their own valentine cards. This activity works well for students  in grades 3-5.   Give each child a set of directions. Directions can be customized to your students’ skill level or even individual needs. They can ask that students include a trapezoid, rhombus, set of parallel lines, and an obtuse angle somewhere on their card creation. Hand each student the same size blank card (heavier construction paper works best for this) and pull out your art supplies. After students comply with your requests, they can start decorating their card and sign their name on the bottom (remind them to not forget a fun saying on the card-“My love for math is not obtuse,” “I think you’re acute.”). Once all cards are complete, dry, and turned in, toss them in a grab bag and allow one student at a time to pick from the bag (they should put back their own if they pick it). It’s an easy, free, and fun way to not only review geometry concepts, but to trade Valentines with classmates as well! Here are some additional activities for Valentine’s Day: Valentine's Day Math Word Problems, Valentine's Day Word Games and Pop-Up Hearts Cards. Heather Aulisio is a third grade teacher in Pennsylvania. She has been a teacher for nearly 15 years and holds multiple degrees and certifications. A freelancer for The Mailbox and other education-related clients and publications, she enjoys writing in order to help and entertain fellow teachers. She currently resides with her husband, Bryan; son, Matthew; and two pugs, Lily and Leo.

Counseling, Cognitive And Behavioral Therapies - 1165 Words

Introduction Counseling is a therapy that involves communication using a variety of methods. Verbal, nonverbal, and written are some of the ways to communicate during counseling. Counseling allows a person to share their feelings, thoughts and problems to another (a counselor) in a dependable and confidential environment. Normally the counselor empathizes with the clients. Many types of counseling are evident depending on the type of problem one has. Counseling usually involves the psychology, therefore, can be termed as psychological therapy. One of the psychological therapies is behavioral therapy. Behavioral therapy involves behaviors and cognitions. Apparently, cognitive and behavioral therapies are based on the thinking of the individual and on the way the individuals behave. Cognitive and behavioral therapies are of importance and that is the area of my specialization. Type 1 Cognitive and behavioral therapies are subdivided severally. They include acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), behavioral therapy, cognitive analytic therapy (CAT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and cognitive therapy. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a behavioral analysis that uses strategies like mindfulness and acceptance to aid in increasing flexibility of psychology. Cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) is a form that tries to assemble ideas together from both analytic and cognitive into integrative models. CAT helps the client understand the reasons as to why they behaveShow MoreRelatedA Personal Theory of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Counseling Essay2719 Words   |  11 PagesRunning head: A PERSONAL THEORY OF COGNITIVE- 1 A Personal Theory of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Counseling Mary L. Terry Student ID #: 22185762 Liberty University Abstract A counselor’s job is to journey along with their client and to provide insight and support to those who are at risk and those who are hurting and searching for comfort and acceptance. If the counselor is a Christian they will also want to share our Heavenly Father’s love with the counselee and help guide themRead MoreRole of Cognition in Counseling1589 Words   |  7 PagesCOGNITION IN COUNSELING TABLE OF CONTENT. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Cognitive therapy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 Characteristics of cognitive-behavioral therapy†¦.5 Virtual Reality Therapy...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Rational Emotive Therapy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Transactional ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 conlusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Role of cognition in counseling Introduction Cognitive therapyRead MoreCognitive Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1403 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive therapy, now called cognitive behavioral therapy was developed by Aaron Beck. Beck believed that dysfunctional thought processes and beliefs are responsible for an individual’s behaviors and feelings. He also believed that individuals’ have the ability identify these distorted thoughts and change them to more realistic thinking in order to relieve their psychological discomfort. This type of therapy is designed to be a short-term, straight-forward and structured approach to counseling inRead MoreThe Relationship Between Regenerate And Unregenerate Thought Processes Essay1089 Words   |  5 Pages23:7; and FAMILY COUNSELING APPROACH11 Romans 12:1-2. Notably, Paul discusses the relationship between regenerate and unregenerate thought processes in Roman 12:1-3 and Ephesians 1-4. In these three passages, Paul is beseeching humanity to change some of the internal thoughts, which in turn will change the behavior of people and positively impact on their feelings. One of the primary premise that the proponents of REBT rely on is the belief that people are fundamentally born imperfect; one of theRead MorePsychology Methods1267 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween two therapies used in psychology. The approaches are known as the Client-Centered Approach and the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. They are both used daily, world-wide, and can be seen in different ways. In psychology, the use of therapy, approaches, and techniques are used all the time. The client-centered model is all about the clients themselves and the cognitive behavioral therapy relies on direct counseling tools to control and guide the client. Cognitive behavioral therapy is more short-termRead MoreEssay Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1200 Words   |  5 PagesKendra Cherry, â€Å"professional counseling is an application of mental health, psychological or development principles, through cognitive, affective, behavioral or systemic intervention strategies, that address wellness, personal growth, or career development† (Cherry - Paraphrase). Many counselors specialize in specific forms of therapy. Generally, counselors who focus on specific types of counseling methods usually require advanced knowledge in the specific field. Counseling can be described as guidanceRead MoreEssay about Contrast Effective Biblical Counseling Concepts1412 Words   |  6 PagesIn order for Biblical counseling to be effective, a counselor must be completely prepared to work in the ministry of helping others. Beyond the worldly challenges, a Christian counselor also faces humanistic therapeutic false views of secular therapy. Christian counselors maintain a focal point in guiding people to living a life that is full of spiritual richness and maturity. Yet, secular therapist focuses on self-gratification and self-actualization. As Christian ministry helpers, you must beRead MoreSex Offenders1410 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Treatment providers recognized that sex offenders evidenced had a high prevalence of cognitive distortions, or thought processes that allowed the offenders to neutralize their feelings of guilt and shame (Abel, 1989). No matter what setting that cognitive therapy is used in, its purpose is to focus on the way an individual thinks and to change any type of â€Å"thinking errors†. For our purposes, cognitive treatment is used in the correctional and community setting to help offenders think rationallyRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt )1697 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is one therapeutic approach that is capable of providing this group with effective psychotherapeutic treatment and interventions as well as approaches that enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of group therapy. Often developed for skills training, cognitive-behavioral groups are characterized by the use of practical interventions focused on behavior modification techniques (Wilson, Bouffard, and Mackenzie; 2005). The therapeutic goal of cognitive behavioralRead MoreContrasting Psycodynamic, Cognitive Behavioral and Person-Centered Counseling Theories1732 Words   |  7 PagesCounseling is a process that enables a person to sort out issues and reach decisions affecting their life. Often counseling is sought out at times of change or crisis, it need not be so, however, as counseling can also help us at any time of our life† (Woods, 2005). Counseling theories are used by counselors as part of their treatment plan for clients. There are many types of theories that counselors can choose from. These theories are usually hosen based on the client needs and what the counselor

The Theory Of Self Determination - 851 Words

Through the years psychologist have had deep discussion on human potential and what it derives from. Due to this discussion the early humanistic psychologists were able to develop the theory of self-determination, which has provided us with great insight on what drives/motivates us as individuals. Using the theory of self-determination we are able to see how this form of motivation provide the skills a person needs such as competence, relatedness, and autonomy to thrive, especially in regards to students with disabilities. Keywords: self-determination, competence, relatedness, autonomy, and student with disabilities In psychology there has been great discussion on human potential and whether it is inherited based on a person’s surroundings or if it derives internally. According to both Maslow and Rogers, they felt that â€Å"a person has an inherent tendency toward growth and development, which will lead them to actualize their human potential and in turn become the best they can be† (p.109). To get a better understanding of human potential we have to look further into to the history of self-actualization and self-determination and what these terms mean. It is also important for one to know why self-determination is important and how it plays a part in students with emotional, behavioral and learning disorders. By looking at each of these factors we will be able to learn what self-determination is and how it plays an important role in each of our lives. The notion ofShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Self Determination1245 Words   |  5 PagesIn the chapter three of  Drive, Pink put forward the theory of â€Å"Type X and Type Y†. Edward Deci and Richard Ryan also defined it as the theory of Self-Determination. They argue that all humans have three needs of competence, autonomy and relatedness. They believed that individuals will be motivated and enjoy when the three factors be balanced provided. 1. Autonomy is one important factor of Motivation 3.0. Unlike Motivation 2.0, the leaders of a company or organization do not need to supervise employeesRead MoreSelf Determination Theory And Theory955 Words   |  4 Pages The article provided talks extensively on the areas of the Self-Determination Theory, its stages and the basic psychological needs, and its implications. The main purpose of this article is to inform the audience of the Self-Determination Theory, while also giving clues as to what provides for higher development. The article also gives many different studies to back-up the data supported by the authors. The article describes that people are effected by the motivation that is used to generateRead MoreThe Theory Of Self Determination Essay2372 Words   |  10 PagesThe idea of national self-determination is beneficial to those living in a nation-state, however, the prerequisites required to make it available to many is too difficult to attain. Nation-states are said to be the ideal regime: a system by the people, for the people. However, things in theories do not always work out in practice. In this paper, I will explore concepts regarding self-determination through its definitions, origins, theories, and practices, following with a number of complicationsRead MoreSelf Determination Theory : The Theory Of Motivation1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe self-determination theory is the general theory of motivation that states people need to feel autonomous and in control of the decisions they make for themselves about themselves. Our objective within this report is to show that by allowing individuals to make the decision for behavior change, there is a greater probability of long term success for that change than if the decision is made from an outside source. We examined several studies that used the self-determination theory to motivateRead MoreThe Heart Of The Self Determination Theory937 Words   |  4 Pagessome people believe humans are empty organisms; however, is it assumed by the meta-theory that we are inherently active and inclined by nature toward inner organization. This means that even as children we all inherit an instinct to organize and support our inner self in order to grow successfully. Through the meta-theory, self-determination theory was built (Deci et al, 2013). The heart of the self-determination theory is based around three autonomous behaviors. These three behaviors are intrinsicallyRead MoreThe Self Determination Theory And Theory Of Planned Behavior943 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavioral changes. Also, they emphasized that self-determina tion may not be perceived as an outcome but rather a process. Levin and Rotheram-Fuller noted that â€Å"deficiencies (or, at least, perceptions of deficiencies) in self-determination skills then adversely affect students’ self-concepts, which, in turn, directly affect students’ self-esteem† (Levin Rotheram-Fuller, 2011, p. 351). Another common area of research utilizing the self-determination theory with students is in physical education. WithRead MoreMotivation, Self Determination Theory, And Expectancy Theory863 Words   |  4 Pagesgoals rather than all the other distractions that life presents to them Jack (2001-2016). Motivational theories can help support an employee to progress in the workplace; a few theories such as Extrinsic Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, Acquired Needs Theory, Self-Determination theory, and expectancy theory relate to my professional life. I will explain if I agree/disagree with my PsyCap self-assessment and some developing strategies to advance in my career using my strengths. Also, I will talkRead MoreSelf-Determination Theory in Action Essay682 Words   |  3 Pages Self-determination theory (SDT) is a theory of motivation that allows students to be more autonomous with their learning and achieve greater challenges academically. There are several factors that influen ce a student’s ability to self-regulate their learning which leads to improved academic performance and overall well-being. Students need to be autonomous, competent, and feel as if they can relate to others. First of all, it is important for teachers to create a learning environment where studentsRead MoreComponents of the Self Determination Theory Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesSound familiar? People are motivated to engage in activities throughout life and in the workplace that fulfill their basic needs, and avoid activities that do not meet their needs. Research by Deci and Ryan (1985) supports the self- determination theory as a formal theory that defines intrinsic and varied extrinsic sources of motivation and a description of the respective roles of intrinsic and types of extrinsic motivation in cognitive and social development and in individual differences. ExtrinsicRead MoreSelf Determination Theory And Actualization Of Human Potential988 Words   |  4 PagesThe article, Self-Determination Theory and Actualization of Human Potential, written by Edward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan, and Frederic Guay goes in depth on the ideas and meaning of human potential and the different theori es associated with concept of self. Human potential is something that everyone is born with, however only some people have the chance or the self-determination to nurture that potential and see it grow. Self-determination or self-actualization is the realization of one’s own individual

The Dystopian Hero Mr. Cecil - 2081 Words

Mr. Cecil Gaines is a heroic black man who faced many encounters throughout his lifetime. Cecil parents were murdered by their slave owners which left him to be responsible for himself at a young immature age. He wanted to demonstrate that he was capable of handling and conducting himself in front of others with the utmost respect. Cecil illustrates an inaudible voice that could kindle a revolution. Even though Cecil own personal family experience misfortune of their own, Cecil was able to witness the history of the civil rights movement over several years while serving as a butler in the white house. Because of the racial uproar Mr. Cecil Gaines endured as an Afro American man, he is a character who presents himself as a dystopian hero.†¦show more content†¦His youngest son Charlie enlisted in the military. Cecil, a homeotic hero who encounters challenges with his son who has a very defiant behavior, a son who loves life and want to explore, and a wife who abuses alcohol and drugs. Consequently, Cecil preserves his dignity and respect to strive for perfection as a butler in the white house and wants to move up to a higher position even though he faces defeat in the work place and at home. Cecil serves his time employed in the white house to some of the most racist presidents during the Vietnam War, the Civil Rights movements, and other major events that took place during his time there. His visual appearance was very vital during these times in order to keep his job and he always strived to be the greatest amongst his colleagues. In the following scene, Cecil shows how respectful he is prior to being offered the job as a pantry helper in the white house. 1957 - Washington DC] Cecil Gaines: [voice over] I took that job in Washington. It was the most beautiful hotel I d ever seen. [we see an adult Cecil standing inside the lobby of the hotel holding a tray of drinks when a white couple walk up to him] Cecil Gaines: I hope it wasn t too presumptuous of me to have prepared a few spirits after your long journey here from Buffalo. [the couple look pleased and take their drinks; Cecil then walks into the bar to serve some white men talking about African Americans being integrated into

Effects of Computerised Accounting to Performance of...

Table of Contents DEDICATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi ABSTRACT viii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Background of the study 1 1.2. Research focus 2 1.3. Overall Research Aim and Individual Research Objectives 2 1.3.1. Overall research aim 2 1.3.2. Individual research Objectives 3 1.4. Research questions 3 1.5. Justification of study 3 1.6. COMPANY BACKGROUND 4 1.6.1. History of Rwanda Development Bank (BRD) 4 1.6.2. Vision, Mission and values 8 1.6.3. Objectives and strategy 9 1.6.4. Company structure 10 Chapter 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 12 2.1. DEFINITIONS OF KEY TERMS 12 2.2. OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATION OF ACCOUNTING 17 2.2.1. Objectives of Accounting: 17 2.2.2. Limitations of†¦show more content†¦Questionnaires, interviews, observation are the methods used to collect information qualified as primary data and literature searches and mail surveys were been used to gather ofShow MoreRelatedAccounting And Financial Statements And Records1284 Words   |  6 Pages1.1 Accounting Record is documentations which shows the preparation of financial statements and records are normally looked at within audits and financial reviews. This includes things like ledgers, journals, recording of assets and liabilities and other supporting documents such as invoices. Prime Entry Books This is where transactions are normally first recorded. This would cover sales day book, sales return day book, purchase day book, purchase return day book, general journal and cash book. LedgerRead MoreDefinition of Auditing5714 Words   |  23 PagesDEFINITION OF AUDITING Auditing is described as the independent examination of and expression of an opinion on the financial statements of an enterprise by an appointed auditor in pursuance of that appointment and in compliance with any relevant statutory obligation. Thus auditing of information systems can be defined as independent examination of and expression of an opinion on the development, documentation and controls of information systems of an enterprise by an appointed auditor in pursuanceRead MoreIca Gh Syslabus26672 Words   |  107 PagesObjectives and Expected Performance Outcome of each part THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS (GHANA) Syllabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations ACCRA 2009 Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana 1 Proposed Sylabus for ICAG Qualifying Examinations Contents Introduction Features and Inovations of the New Scheme Objectives and Expected Performance Outcomes of Each Part PART 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Financial Accounting Fundermentals Business Management Economics Management InformationRead MoreThe Information Systems Requirements and Subsequent Evaluation of the Impact These Systems Will Have on the Business ‘Ready to Eat,9110 Words   |  37 Pagesproviding support for the specific business function. The report identifies information system by their function and how they can assist RTE in managing the business. Managers and business owners are expected to make decisions which have a positive effect on the future of the business; this report describes how Information systems have directly influenced decision making and how if information systems to be effective need to integrate forecasting the future and offer alternative scenarios of the outcomesRead MoreAssesing the Effectiveness of Computerized Accounting System10736 Words   |  4 3 PagesABSTRACT The study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of computerized accounting systems in organizations (the general objective of the study). It employed a case study design and Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs was chosen as the case of the study. Various literatures were consulted to get the theoretical and empirical thoughts of stupendous authors about the topic under study to help the researcher craft and refine her methodology. Questionnaires, documentation and interviews wereRead MoreOperations Management in Tesco5444 Words   |  22 PagesPART A: Managing Finance Financial management is a very important component of the operation management at a company. The role of the financial management at the company is to purposefully management the financial resources; present the performance of the organisation in financial terms. (Brigham E.F. and Ehrhardt M.C., 2010) The financial management has to acquire the required capital required for achievement of strategic and tactical objectives at a low cost. The financial management has to anticipateRead MoreBudget and Budgetary Control Practices in the College of Technology Education Kumasi13619 Words   |  55 PagesGovernment skeptical about the effectiveness and efficiency of University operations have issued policies and undertaken reviews of the sector with the intention of improving the governance and management of higher education institutions. They have subjected higher education institutions to market mechanisms and greater competition by reducing the proportion of government funding, forcing u niversities to diversify their funding sources, introduce student fees and increase the accessibility to higher educationRead MoreThe Role of Finance Management7250 Words   |  29 Pagesï » ¿ROLE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCE= ensures the business has the necessary financial resources to achieve its goals and objectives. Financial management deals with analysis, interpretation and evaluation of all financial records of the business. It also deals with the planning, monitoring and controlling of a business’ financial resources. Finance is the monetary or lifeblood of the business, whereas accounting is the reporting process. STRATEGIC ROLE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTRead MoreBusiness Management Change8228 Words   |  33 Pagesproducts) * Leading = motivate workers by influencing and encouraging, leading by example, providing a stimulating work environment, including staff in decision making, commanding respect. * Controlling = process of measuring the business performance against the plan and taking corrective action. - Controls = input/preventative, concurrent and output/feedback. * Effective managers = achieve the objectives and goals of the business * Efficient managers = achieving objective and goalsRead MoreHRM: Recruitment and Selection Process5051 Words   |  21 Pagesis not very attractive, most prospective candidates may turn indifferent and may not even apply. This is especially true in case of jobs that are dull, boring, anxiety producing, devoid of career growth opportunities and generally do not reward performance in a proper way. (e.g., jobs in departmental undertakings such as Railways, Post and Telegraphs, public sector banks and Insurance companies failing to attract talent from premier management institutes.) Conservative internal policies: A policy

The E Business Strategies Of Citibank Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4727 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Introduction: Citibank a name of a corporation established in New York City which stated late 19th century and has many mergers since, The company faced many challenges all the way, in the early 20th century the new method has been introduced to the world and world trade policy begin to take effect as capitalism took a new shape after the collapse of industrialism, they rely the changes around the world and people movements and migrations been a crucial factor in the trade industry. Citibank start thinking of a new tool that allow them to operate globally and freely especially the old school is starting to die and fade away like the slave trade in which was the biggest trade and was in some countries like Britain one of the main country income and the spin of the country empire economy, Citibank was one of those companies that took advantage of merging with other companies to deal with the changes in the world economy movements and dowel into the new world order. CITIBANK is a multinationa l company who operates globally and have a reputation of the new world banking leader who survived many hardships, for a clearer picture about the bank operation and strategies, the insight is clearly necessary into the multinational companies and how globalisation worked and developed, the new world banking and economic system has changed considerably as the computer age and the new e-business has made faster and transforming and transferring data took incredible speed and saved time for the banking process in which made it increase profit margin. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The E Business Strategies Of Citibank Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The bank realise the vast changes in the world banking system and world economies, the bank starts to build strategies that allow the company to deal with these changes accordingly, the strategies included marketing strategy to study the competitions that lie ahead, the business environments such as government tax laws and legislations, the credit crunch that hit the world economy and force many clients withdraw their shares or sold their shares after the fear attacks the public, the bank merged with more than one company, the bank starts to sponsor some IT system solutions companies to save money on the data process expenses, because the IT system today is the main world business successful tool. The cash management system in the past was facing many difficulties such as transferring money around and paying employees and clients wages and interests and vies versa as clients and customers find it difficult to make monthly payments on their accounts as the transfer takes time to process and requires a large amount of employees to work on the clients files and report back to the headquarter. Citibank has changed its image to be different from the other banks through its services and operations, by offering close relationship with their clients and costumers online, providing such an excellent services has created confidence using the IT advance system and hanged the corporation working system of how process data, creating different IT computer systems such as the world link payment services, security and integrity platforms to manage payments and delivering data securely online. The Citibank latest e-business strategy is to be the worlds leading e-business and online enabler, the bank strategy to reach more and more clients and customers through the e-business new clients and expand the profit working online and shorting the world distance and decrease the competition by support and sponsor any new and advanced IT solutions software, the way Citibank see the world competition today is online war the more company have power online and the more features on the websites the more have the ability to reach more partners and clients. Citibank E-Business: Citibank main strategy is to create the ultimate IT solutions by embark on a journey of an extensive research in all the areas such Sales, Marketing, finance market and stock market, plan a head the way e-business progress and recognise the faults in their operations between their branches and enhance the communication system by creating a whole new strategy that enable them to be number one online banking services. The Citibank using their powers and influence in the world as a multinational company to create laws that make things easy for their operations and to increase their profit margin and business growth especially in the financial market where the options and stock market increase values. The increase in the profit of the multinational market led to prosperity in the US market and Citibank was one of the biggest companies in the US who contributed in the profit and the prosperity of the stock exchange in the US market. The use of CitiDirect as a platform for Citibank online helped the Corporation to be more successful dealing with the customers online hence the speed of the process gave them a sense of creating new services as a single platform for integrating with customers all over the world, if they create one website they will resolve the communication and integration problems, in the next diagrams shows the intranet, a service which been create for employees of the company to communicate and help each other internally. SERVER-12 SERVER-11 SERVER-10 SERVER-09 SREVER-08 SERVER-07 SERVER-06 SERVER-05 SERVER-04 SERVER-03 SERVER-02 The Main Server-01 Figure 1 The Citibank intranet services. The diagram above shows the Citibank internet and intranet connections, the Network for large companies for messaging infrastructure, its topology diagram shows the main server of the network connected to all other companies servers in different branches. Total Cash Citibank Financial Management Immediate Instant Access Mostly held to meet day-to-day working capital requirements Tactical 1-3 months Necessary for short term commitments such as tax or trade payments Strategic 9-12 months Used to meet Strategic requirements Figure 2 Financial services through online network The cash management always thinking of resolution of fast and efficient money transactions around the world, the bank looking for a way of pay and receive, the kind of system online that help the speed of any process of their accounts, and move as much money per day as possible to increase the daily return. The Citibank enabled the website users for large multinational companies to deal and do business online through this website, it has many features allowing these companies to transfer payments and receive interests and swap shares and bonds plus go online in their individual accounts and monitor the trade market, stock market, and financial market, as of the small companies the Citibank doesn t think its necessary to create memorable website yet for them because their business cannot take the pressure of the expenses of creating website. Citibank for a long time has created world link payments services as a banking solution for every day customers all over the world with different currencies and excepting all manner of payments from cheques, cash, and electronically through their website as an automated payment, also provided cash machines in their branches as a self service for customers who are busy and the process is easy instructions on the screen to follow, the bank also provide hot line for customers to pay and receive through the hot line services. The new services have the best security and gourds online than ever before, the bank secures all website features and services offering secure streamline for data transactions and money transactions of credit cards, the process go through extremely strict pass words and pin numbers to identify the customer or orga nization through individual programme management. Citibank also offers some countries specific services, customers of those countries who needs consolidations of how to spend the credit been offered help line services of how to pay back the loans and other payments due in which made the Citibank special in a way and has leaded the correct services comparing to the Citibank rivals. The bank offers used multiple channels for marketing their products and services such as integrated investments options, the options are a financial market when customers use the online to buy options from the bank as a third party, the next diagram shows the percentage the bank charge for their customers online services and explain to each one of them the concept of their charges. Figure 3 Citibank financial banking Citibank and the financial markets: The Market hypothesis: The financial markets operations and strategies, are dependable on the information and its speed and accuracy, the financial markets such money, trade, stock are depending on the input and output of data provided as prices going up and down, the bank depend on the season, the time, events and the changing of markets attitudes. The more information flow gained, the more the markets become predictable and easy to manage, as the Citibank as a seller of the shares and options in the financial market have to update the information regularly and not over react with this information or ignore it and find a way in between, and follow the right pattern to make a reasonable profit, the market prices cannot be predicted from old information and old data of access returns. The markets movements are more predicted by studying years of operations movements, such as statements and reports that shows when the sale go up and when it goes down, the study showed that the win ter season the markets and its prices value increase from November till May and the summer season the markets and it s prices declines and investors will be advices not to deal in the markets. Everyday data online changing mode depends on the markets movements, the figures on the market changes every minute, and that is why the company has provided clients and customers online view of the markets and its online services. The table below shows how banks and other companies start the pullback in the exact time every year to avoid the market clash and lose money in the stock market, the using of SP 500s cross the 7th of October / 2009 cross of its 200-day moving average, that will predict the pullback. Prieur du Plessis examined the old saying of sell in May and come back in November, all investors and markets experts agree that the market prices are variable and un predicted but they all agrees that the markets in May has the last breath for investors and no one can predict t he movements and the best time to come back are in November for all investors and dealers on the markets feel that the market is live again. The concept of buy low and sell high, has effected on most investors and was astonishingly high rated on the search engine, which did provide readers about the quotation in thousand times, the Markets are extremely depended on the central banks actions such easy access for the public for credit cards and loans to generate revenue and action, other things is the government action for taxes and generate the taxpayers money to help investing in the markets and generate returns in the financial markets. After the market stabiles for a long period and return is satisfying, investors and dealers let the fear of change in the markets start to crawl into their hearts from the next move. Plessis, 2009 The study for this fear of the concept is not based on scientific evidence, its just meth or maybe immoral and respectful omen used to justify the markets action in some way, but statistically study shows that the market raise in the period between November and May, decline in the period between May and November. Figure 6 the stock market between May and November The release of the five reasons to sell in May and Go away in the Tech Ticker website indicates that the old wall street saying, has affected the market last week after witnessing frightfully steep decline in the market and took every body by surprise, and the reason why it happened is the predictable markets of sell in May and go away has been effected by the unexpected turn of events. Todd Harrison stress that the reasons why it happened was five reasons, the first the false sense of security, fear factor, reverse MA, Iran, The Dollar. The first reason, is the premium and interest sense and the concept has been lost, the fear component has become a key player, the reverse of MA, and Iran with their advanced uranium enrichment and opening new mines has increase fears and speculations, the last reason was the falling of the Dollars against the Sterling and the Euros despite the US government money injection in the markets and help for the central banks. Task, 2008 The markets seasons not only depending on the seasons but also follow someone might descript it as a myth or psychological support to deal in markets such as the super bowl prediction of the markets, gave investors some ideas to predict the market for many years, by the writer of the article at CBS, money watch.com Allan Roth says that he was relieved by the media to label the super ball prediction as a myth. For this Theory, Citibank tactics are to follow the market prediction techniques and re-evaluate their strategy regarding investments mode. The events VS Markets: The super Bowl for many years claimed as a tool of market prediction, if the old American football team wins, the stock market will go down, and if the old national football league wins the markets will go up, those predictions never has been correct or has any effects on the market fluctuation, there are many other things that influence the markets such as weather and events such as world cup and the Olympics. Roth, 2009 The next world cup event in South Africa has brought with it many prediction about how the market will react, the prediction used all the sources available from the old statistical reports from the fear been created from terrorism act or the decline of sponsorships, for example, the shares in France GL gained 4.2% after won a contract related to South Africa world cup and despite the dip in the market 4% already the French have hope that close to the world cup the more shares will be sold and the market will back up, and even its still falling this year, the changing in the market still there is hope. Reuter, 2010 Despite the old saying sell in May and go away, the expected world cup event in 2010 in South Africa like any other world cup comes in the middle of the summer and help the market shares to rise and rate exchange to hit the roof, and that is because the rising event will bring with it changing of the public and the investors mentality about the old saying and find the event is an opportunity for trade in all markets. Foster, 2009 The stock market will rise because the extra demands in the stock markets as South Africa will buy the agricultural stock and other stock for visitors consumptions during the world cup, the financial market will rise because the investors will buy shares in South Africa regarding the running of the event such as the bids on matches results or on any marketing opportunity that might rise in the middle of the event. The weather circumstance always has been a prediction tool for investors as the market fluctuation cannot help investors to depend on only statistical ground, the investors and dealers think that the weather effect people mode for market and effect the public character psychologically, in t he article by Kevin Kelly about study of the weather forecasts and how effect the market actions. The weather has effect on characters confidence and believes, to trade in the market and the weather circumstance became legendary concept among the trader, investors, dealers and everyone has relations with markets, the study shows that people betting depending on the weather forecasts became reality and ongoing operation, the study shows that those people who studied weather or became meteorologist and trading in the market and buying shares are more successful in the market that those studied business. Kelly, 2007 For this Theory, Citibank stock and financial markets management tactics are simple, studying the weather changing and clients and customers mode are important to build strategy that enables the banks ability to control the ongoing changing and market movements. Citibank macro and micro environments: PEST FACTORS In this analysis, using the four factors such as Political, Economic, Social and Cultural and Technology to identify their problems regarding their business environments, for the Citibank tax and return has problems because of the governmental legislations attacks, Citibank find it difficult to stabilise their returns and profit even though the Citibank has been announced as the most profitable bank in the world reaching annual profit $3.59 billion since 1997 and by the year 2000 the Citibank exceeded $1 trillion in financial transactions. Citibank with the international law and diverse local laws and legislations in some countries forbids the increase of banks interests and charges, some countries the reason will be the religions and others helping the economy to boost by reducing the pressure on the public and provide with low taxes for foreign investors, with the bank offers many companies regardless of their attention and target of how to use the money has ra ised issues with the environmentalists and activists who are opposing the bank and raised unprincipled campaign attack at the Citibank and who ever use it, and this hit the business environment of Citibank, as rearrange the law and operation role might affect the company net profit. Gellene, 1989 The latest disaster of the credit crunch has left leading companies, corporations; enterprises lose their stabilisations in the markets, and the Citibank lost trust in the Wall Street and their money management structures as the Dollars fail and the Euro and the Canadian Dollar rises in the world financial market, with the falling of Enron in mind and the mighty scandal followed, Citibank managed to withdraw out of the responsibilities and the accusations that led to end of the giant company such Enron. Business Press, 2004 The answer to the Citibank surviving in the market like any other companies in the financial markets is they found investors who has been sleeping on their money w aiting for just like this opportunity and the prince Al-Waleed Bin Talal one of those opportunists who injected nearly half a billion Dollars to Citibank investments which helped the bank survived the credit crunch and kept their position on the markets. Turk, 2008 The Banks strategy, in those times where market are failed to cover the deficits, are to look for brand new investors who are waiting to carry the banks out of credit crunch and financial disasters and avoiding the Bank from going to bankruptcy and administration. The 4PS FACTORS The value of the 4PS is massive because of its accuracy on impact, when using the 4PS analysis will discover what CITIBANK strategy in the past and compare it with todays financial performance when they reached the decline stage. Citibank products and services in the past have a target audience of investors and share holders doing business as basic transactions between banks, markets and investors and products and services were limite d as technology were limited before the invention of the World Wide Web, clients and customers preferred the new system of online services which make it easy for investing in the markets and withdraw new target audience. Citibank pricing was standard and different for each services or products, the prices were valued on the customer or the company preferences to the bank as it was favourites and most prestigious and sophisticated customers first with exceptional prices, and the reason kept them in the game are the finest services to their customers and the using of the latest technological software solutions, as a customer can finally find their work done by a professional who uses the latest technology to speed the process, but with the soaring of the interest rates on their credit cards almost 30% has a reason for the company to allow and be able to provide credits to costumers. Lazarus, 2009 Citibank branches all over the world with most sophisticated locations, has played the mighty prominent roles in increasing the public demand in banking with Citibank and using their services and buying their products as the location were extremely convenient and easy access for the public and business like, the cash machines in the branches can do more than give cash, the e-business software in the machine enable customers or business like to do all variety of things, they can withdraw and deposit money, make transactions to and from the bank, read and print statements, book a meeting or chat to a manager through the machine and also can see statements and online markets screen to see the market operation life. Citibank promotions operation can be described as strong and up to date as any other powerful company, the company uses various channels to promote the company portfolio and retain the image as the best bank in the world who offers the best products and services to their customers, the bank merging with grandiose names has helped the company clear image and using the latest technology especially advertising on the web using clips and sounds technology helped to deliver the message of the company wealth and capabilities. SWOT ANALYSIS This analysis will help us see clear what CITIBANK going through clearly what their strength, weaknesses, what manner of threat and the opportunities that are available to them to use it to get ahead and survive the competition. The Challenge for Managers: Citibank managers first challenge are the tougher and smarter clients who starts to get wiser as their companies growing, the senior managers find it difficult to please their clients as their demand start to increase, the demand of using the e-payment by the small size companies start to grow and their demand to be equal with large size companies start to increase, on the other hand the competition in the banking business start to increase and other banks start to take the opportunity to offer these small sized firms the e-payment and e-business even though this technology is extremely expensive and very few banks have the ability and cash to run it. The Citibank market segments has developed and brought with it new challenge, the Citibank clients and customers increased development and improved self image, the new segments of the Citibank businesses needed special expertise from the Citibank to keep up with the demands of these companies, as these companies start to become tou gher and wiser in the business industry which require from the bank to follow the progress of their clients closely and monitor their needs regularly, Citibank dealt with the changes wisely when they applied the new integrated software solutions which made them serve the vast majority of their clients sufficiently and used accurate date transactions and accurate data input which helped to satisfy their clients. Figure 11 Citibank financial management The Citibank Latest Strategy: Citigroup is the name of the Citibank and its mergers group who are the main stream for the business, has created a business structure contain the products and services that corporation want to achieve such as the e-city which will contain the e-consumer, e-capital market, e-asset management, each service has its own functions and targeted for specific customer needs to give a chance to cover all e-business requirements and the strategy includes the future new e-business if the clients or customer ask for more services online, the company will be ready to create one just like any other electronic business specified and required by customers, the bank trying to stop hackers and online thieves from hacks the bank online security system and ensure the clients and costumers of the security integrating on the web after the incident that led some hacker to obtain the costumers PIN number from the database. Robertson, 2008 Citibank as a leading world bank, have a strategy to own the us ed technology of the e-business and control the market of the technology solution as it is the main stream of bank business or any business, in the future is becoming more and more tech world and the business world is an electronic world, Citibank future plan is to use the main three steps, the first is to connect the bank database on the web, secondly is the transform this data into to be available to clients and customers, thirdly extend the web to reach more target audience. The Citibank (Connect Strategy) is to make all their clients and customers to be able to brows and interact with the bank and its service anywhere in the world and any time to suit the clients and customers time, the website designed specifically for clients and other corporate to be able to interact with payments, input and output data, transfer money, extend services or terminate, sign agreements and applications, acquiring information by chatting with managers online as a hot line services if the websit e wasnt enough to serve customers. The Citibank Transform Strategy came to mind when old process for loans and consolidation was too slow and the process use to operate in each country as follow: The local company applies for a loan and send it to the regional bank to study the application and go through the client files and portfolio to decide if all papers or requirements are in position, then sends the application to the central bank headquarter to study the query and process the application, then the decision will be taken from the central. 1The new transformation of the plan is to make only one application automated online and take several minutes to process as the e-business of Citibank has the database of all their clients and customers, they will be required only to fill the application and follow the online instructions, the results of such application will be depends on the clients and customers portfolio ranks and performance. The Citibank (Extend Strategy) is to extend services to include all small or large sized companies into one integrated system and change the old plan that was including favourites clients and customers, the new plan and strategy is to enable all of clients and customers to be able to use the full website and the automated services and products without restrictions. The Citibank knows that small business wont use the full length of the services and products because the size of the small companies didnt need the full services, but the increase of the competition and fear of losing their small sized companies, the bank were forced to follow new strategy and take drastic actions. Conclusion: Citibank always react to clients and customers queries and demands, the bank reaction in the past was to deal with the raising market and try to attract every day customers in the late 19th century by campaigning in the streets of New York and withdraw new migrants to open bank accounts, then early 20th century merging with other financial companies who start their new journey into the trade and stock markets, merging with the raising demands from a new kind of clients and costumers as new small ventures and small sized companies who wants their businesses to be managed by skilful bank and expertise, the reputation grow and the Citibank reached the technology age with ease. Citibank finds their way into the use of the largest software solutions there is and expands their vision and plans with careful strategy to invade and exploit the new invented tool. All the work and effort been done by the Citibank to expand and explore new roads to serve their clients and costumers the w ay they deserve, the age of technology is wide open for new ideas and the company vision is unlimited, the Citibank used the CitiDirect tool as a website is not the last integration system but its a door for new ideas for more sup services and their latest vision is to integrate all clients in the Citibank database despite their names or portfolio, all clients will be the same and accounted as equal. Citibank future plan to own the technology solutions company to be able to lead the banks business to better services and products online and be the number one again locally and globally and try to control the rate of exchange as its one of their priorities for banking and financial services.